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πŸ‡¬πŸ‡§ English Grammar Basics: Verbs, Articles & Cases

Common Verbs

  • Action verbs: run, eat, write, speak
  • Helping verbs: be, have, do, can, will
  • Linking verbs: seem, become, appear, feel
  • Irregular verbs: go/went, see/saw, take/took

Nouns

  • Common: city, book, teacher
  • Proper: London, Harry Potter, Mr. Smith
  • Countable: apple/apples, car/cars
  • Uncountable: water, information, advice

Pronouns

TypeExamples
PersonalI, you, he, she, it, we, they
Possessivemy, your, his, her, its, our, their
Reflexivemyself, yourself, himself, herself

Articles

  • Definite: the (specific things)
  • Indefinite: a/an (non-specific things)
  • Zero article: (general concepts, plural nouns)

Examples:

  • "The book on the table" (specific)
  • "A book would make a good gift" (any book)
  • "Books are important" (general)

πŸ‡¬πŸ‡§ English Basic Words by Category

πŸ—£οΈ Greetings & Basics

EnglishMeaning
HelloUsed to greet someone
GoodbyeUsed to say farewell
PleaseUsed in polite requests
Thank youExpression of gratitude
YesAffirmative response
NoNegative response
Excuse meUsed to politely interrupt or apologize
SorryExpression of regret
WelcomeA friendly reception
HiInformal greeting

❓ Questions

EnglishMeaning
What?Asking for repetition or explanation
Why?Asking for reason
Who?Asking about a person
Where?Asking about location
When?Asking about time
How?Asking about manner
Which?Asking about choice
Whose?Asking about possession
How much?Asking about quantity
How many?Asking about number

🧠 Verbs

EnglishMeaning
UnderstandTo grasp meaning
KnowTo have knowledge
ThinkTo consider or reason
LearnTo gain knowledge
SeeTo perceive with eyes
HearTo perceive with ears
SpeakTo talk
WriteTo form letters or words
ReadTo interpret written language
ListenTo pay attention to sound

πŸ“š Common Nouns

EnglishMeaning
ManAdult male human
WomanAdult female human
ChildYoung person
HousePlace to live
CarVehicle
DogDomesticated animal
CatSmall domesticated feline
StreetPublic road
TableFlat surface with legs
ChairSeat with back support

🎨 Adjectives

EnglishMeaning
GoodOf high quality
BadOf low quality
BigLarge in size
SmallLittle in size
BeautifulPleasing in appearance
UglyUnpleasant in appearance
OldNot new
YoungAt early stage of life
NewRecently made
ColdLow temperature

πŸ”’ Numbers

EnglishMeaning
One1
Two2
Three3
Four4
Five5
Six6
Seven7
Eight8
Nine9
Ten10

πŸ•°οΈ Time & Days

EnglishMeaning
TodayCurrent day
TomorrowNext day
YesterdayPrevious day
MorningEarly part of the day
AfternoonTime after noon
EveningLate part of day
NightPeriod of darkness
MondayFirst day of week
FridayDay before weekend
SundayWeekend day

πŸ™‹ Pronouns

EnglishMeaning
IFirst person singular
YouSecond person singular/plural
HeThird person male
SheThird person female
ItThird person neutral
WeFirst person plural
TheyThird person plural
MeObject form of 'I'
UsObject form of 'We'
ThemObject form of 'They'

πŸ’¬ Expressions

EnglishMeaning
Nice to meet youPolite greeting
See you laterFarewell expression
Good morningMorning greeting
Good nightNight farewell
How are you?Asking about well-being
I’m fineResponding to how are you
Take careExpression of concern
What’s your name?Asking for name
My name is...Giving your name
I don’t understandLack of comprehension

🏠 Places

EnglishMeaning
SchoolPlace to study
MarketPlace to buy goods
HospitalPlace for medical care
StationPlace for transport
HotelPlace to stay
CityLarge town
VillageSmall community
ParkPublic outdoor space
RestaurantPlace to eat
ChurchPlace of worship

πŸ›’ Shopping & Money

EnglishMeaning
BuyTo purchase something
SellTo exchange for money
PriceCost of an item
CheapLow in price
ExpensiveHigh in price
MarketPlace to shop
MoneyMedium of exchange
CashPhysical money
CardPlastic payment method
DiscountPrice reduction

πŸš— Transportation

EnglishMeaning
BusLarge vehicle for public transport
TrainRail vehicle for transport
PlaneAircraft for travel
TicketPass to enter/board
DriverPerson operating vehicle
PassengerPerson being transported
TravelTo go from place to place
RoadPath for vehicles
AirportPlace for air travel
TaxiHired car with driver

🍽️ Food & Drinks

EnglishMeaning
BreadBaked food
WaterEssential drink
MilkWhite dairy drink
TeaHot drink from leaves
CoffeeCaffeinated drink
RiceStaple grain
FruitSweet plant food
VegetablePlant used as food
MeatAnimal flesh for food
SugarSweet substance

🧍 People & Relationships

EnglishMeaning
FriendPerson you like
FamilyGroup of related people
MotherFemale parent
FatherMale parent
BrotherMale sibling
SisterFemale sibling
HusbandMarried man
WifeMarried woman
ChildYoung person
NeighborPerson who lives nearby

❀️ Feelings & Emotions

EnglishMeaning
HappyFeeling good
SadFeeling down
AngryFeeling mad
AfraidFeeling scared
ExcitedFeeling thrilled
TiredFeeling sleepy
BoredNot interested
NervousAnxious feeling
ConfusedNot understanding
ProudFeeling satisfied

🧼 Health & Hygiene

EnglishMeaning
CleanWithout dirt
DirtyNot clean
SickNot healthy
DoctorHealth professional
MedicineUsed to treat illness
ToothbrushCleans teeth
SoapUsed for washing
BathWashing body
ShowerStanding wash
TowelUsed to dry

🧳 Travel & Directions

EnglishMeaning
LeftOpposite of right
RightOpposite of left
StraightWithout turns
TurnChange direction
MapGuide to places
NearClose by
FarNot near
GoMove to place
ComeMove towards speaker
StopCease movement

🏑 Home & Furniture

EnglishMeaning
BedUsed for sleeping
SofaComfortable seating
LampGives light
MirrorReflects image
DoorEntry to room
WindowGlass opening
KitchenRoom for cooking
BathroomRoom for bathing
ClosetStorage for clothes
CurtainWindow cover

πŸ–οΈ Colors & Shapes

EnglishMeaning
RedColor of fire
BlueColor of sky
GreenColor of grass
YellowColor of sun
BlackDarkest color
WhiteLightest color
CircleRound shape
Square4 equal sides
Triangle3-sided shape
Rectangle4 sides, opposite equal

🌦️ Weather & Seasons

EnglishMeaning
RainWater from sky
SunGives light & heat
SnowFrozen water flakes
WindMoving air
CloudWhite/gray sky form
StormBad weather
SummerHot season
WinterCold season
SpringSeason of growth
AutumnLeaves fall season

πŸ›’ Shopping & Money

EnglishMeaning
BuyTo purchase something
SellTo exchange for money
PriceCost of an item
CheapLow in price
ExpensiveHigh in price
MarketPlace to shop
MoneyMedium of exchange
CashPhysical money
CardPlastic payment method
DiscountPrice reduction

πŸš— Transportation

EnglishMeaning
BusLarge vehicle for public transport
TrainRail vehicle for transport
PlaneAircraft for travel
TicketPass to enter/board
DriverPerson operating vehicle
PassengerPerson being transported
TravelTo go from place to place
RoadPath for vehicles
AirportPlace for air travel
TaxiHired car with driver

🍽️ Food & Drinks

EnglishMeaning
BreadBaked food
WaterEssential drink
MilkWhite dairy drink
TeaHot drink from leaves
CoffeeCaffeinated drink
RiceStaple grain
FruitSweet plant food
VegetablePlant used as food
MeatAnimal flesh for food
SugarSweet substance

🧍 People & Relationships

EnglishMeaning
FriendPerson you like
FamilyGroup of related people
MotherFemale parent
FatherMale parent
BrotherMale sibling
SisterFemale sibling
HusbandMarried man
WifeMarried woman
ChildYoung person
NeighborPerson who lives nearby

❀️ Feelings & Emotions

EnglishMeaning
HappyFeeling good
SadFeeling down
AngryFeeling mad
AfraidFeeling scared
ExcitedFeeling thrilled
TiredFeeling sleepy
BoredNot interested
NervousAnxious feeling
ConfusedNot understanding
ProudFeeling satisfied

🧼 Health & Hygiene

EnglishMeaning
CleanWithout dirt
DirtyNot clean
SickNot healthy
DoctorHealth professional
MedicineUsed to treat illness
ToothbrushCleans teeth
SoapUsed for washing
BathWashing body
ShowerStanding wash
TowelUsed to dry

🧳 Travel & Directions

EnglishMeaning
LeftOpposite of right
RightOpposite of left
StraightWithout turns
TurnChange direction
MapGuide to places
NearClose by
FarNot near
GoMove to place
ComeMove towards speaker
StopCease movement

🏑 Home & Furniture

EnglishMeaning
BedUsed for sleeping
SofaComfortable seating
LampGives light
MirrorReflects image
DoorEntry to room
WindowGlass opening
KitchenRoom for cooking
BathroomRoom for bathing
ClosetStorage for clothes
CurtainWindow cover

πŸ–οΈ Colors & Shapes

EnglishMeaning
RedColor of fire
BlueColor of sky
GreenColor of grass
YellowColor of sun
BlackDarkest color
WhiteLightest color
CircleRound shape
Square4 equal sides
Triangle3-sided shape
Rectangle4 sides, opposite equal

🌦️ Weather & Seasons

EnglishMeaning
RainWater from sky
SunGives light & heat
SnowFrozen water flakes
WindMoving air
CloudWhite/gray sky form
StormBad weather
SummerHot season
WinterCold season
SpringSeason of growth
AutumnLeaves fall season

🌍 Nature & Environment

EnglishMeaning
TreeTall plant with a trunk
RiverLarge natural stream of water
MountainHigh landform
RainWater falling from clouds
SunStar at the center of the solar system
MoonEarth's natural satellite
WindMoving air
OceanLarge body of salt water
ForestLarge area with many trees
FlowerColorful part of a plant

🍽️ Food & Drink

EnglishMeaning
AppleRed or green fruit
BreadBaked food made from flour
MilkWhite liquid from cows
WaterEssential liquid for life
RiceStaple grain food
ChickenCommon poultry meat
FishAquatic animal used as food
EggOval product from a bird
SoupLiquid food
JuiceDrink from fruits or vegetables

πŸ‘• Clothing

EnglishMeaning
ShirtUpper body garment
PantsLower body garment
ShoesFootwear
HatHeadwear
DressOne-piece clothing
SocksFoot coverings
CoatOuterwear
SkirtLower garment for women
GlovesHand coverings
ScarfNeckwear for warmth

🧍 Actions

EnglishMeaning
RunMove quickly on foot
WalkMove at a normal pace
JumpPush off the ground
SitRest on buttocks
StandBe upright
SleepRest at night
EatConsume food
DrinkConsume liquid
LaughExpress happiness
CryTears from eyes

🧰 Tools & Objects

EnglishMeaning
HammerTool for pounding
NailSharp metal pin
ScrewdriverTool to turn screws
WrenchTool for gripping
KnifeCutting tool
ForkEating utensil
SpoonScooping utensil
BoxContainer
BagPortable container
PenWriting instrument

πŸ“± Technology

EnglishMeaning
PhoneCommunication device
ComputerElectronic computing device
TabletPortable touchscreen device
KeyboardTyping input device
MousePointing device
ScreenDisplay panel
CameraTakes pictures
ChargerPowers electronic device
InternetGlobal network
AppSoftware application

πŸš— Transportation

EnglishMeaning
BusPublic road vehicle
TrainRail transport
PlaneAir vehicle
BoatWater transport
BicycleTwo-wheeled transport
TaxiCar for hire
MotorcycleTwo-wheeled motor vehicle
TruckLarge cargo vehicle
HelicopterFlying vehicle with rotors
SubwayUnderground train

πŸƒ Sports & Fitness

EnglishMeaning
FootballBall game on a field
BasketballBall game with a hoop
TennisRacquet sport
CricketBat-and-ball game
YogaMind-body exercise
GymFitness center
SwimMove through water
LiftRaise weights
RunJog or sprint
StretchExtend muscles

πŸŽ‰ Holidays & Events

EnglishMeaning
BirthdayAnniversary of birth
WeddingMarriage ceremony
ChristmasHoliday on December 25
EasterChristian spring holiday
New YearStart of the year
FestivalCultural celebration
HolidayDay off from work
PartySocial gathering
AnniversaryYearly remembrance
VacationTime away for rest

🏫 School & Learning

EnglishMeaning
TeacherEducator
StudentLearner
BookWritten work
PencilWriting tool
EraserRemoves pencil marks
ClassGroup of students
HomeworkSchoolwork at home
TestAssessment
LessonUnit of instruction
SubjectArea of study

πŸ›’ Shopping & Money

EnglishMeaning
BuyTo purchase something
SellTo exchange for money
PriceCost of an item
CheapLow in price
ExpensiveHigh in price
MarketPlace to shop
MoneyMedium of exchange
CashPhysical money
CardPlastic payment method
DiscountPrice reduction

πŸš— Transportation

EnglishMeaning
BusLarge vehicle for public transport
TrainRail vehicle for transport
PlaneAircraft for travel
TicketPass to enter/board
DriverPerson operating vehicle
PassengerPerson being transported
TravelTo go from place to place
RoadPath for vehicles
AirportPlace for air travel
TaxiHired car with driver

🍽️ Food & Drinks

EnglishMeaning
BreadBaked food
WaterEssential drink
MilkWhite dairy drink
TeaHot drink from leaves
CoffeeCaffeinated drink
RiceStaple grain
FruitSweet plant food
VegetablePlant used as food
MeatAnimal flesh for food
SugarSweet substance

🧍 People & Relationships

EnglishMeaning
FriendPerson you like
FamilyGroup of related people
MotherFemale parent
FatherMale parent
BrotherMale sibling
SisterFemale sibling
HusbandMarried man
WifeMarried woman
ChildYoung person
NeighborPerson who lives nearby

❀️ Feelings & Emotions

EnglishMeaning
HappyFeeling good
SadFeeling down
AngryFeeling mad
AfraidFeeling scared
ExcitedFeeling thrilled
TiredFeeling sleepy
BoredNot interested
NervousAnxious feeling
ConfusedNot understanding
ProudFeeling satisfied

🧼 Health & Hygiene

EnglishMeaning
CleanWithout dirt
DirtyNot clean
SickNot healthy
DoctorHealth professional
MedicineUsed to treat illness
ToothbrushCleans teeth
SoapUsed for washing
BathWashing body
ShowerStanding wash
TowelUsed to dry

🧳 Travel & Directions

EnglishMeaning
LeftOpposite of right
RightOpposite of left
StraightWithout turns
TurnChange direction
MapGuide to places
NearClose by
FarNot near
GoMove to place
ComeMove towards speaker
StopCease movement

🏑 Home & Furniture

EnglishMeaning
BedUsed for sleeping
SofaComfortable seating
LampGives light
MirrorReflects image
DoorEntry to room
WindowGlass opening
KitchenRoom for cooking
BathroomRoom for bathing
ClosetStorage for clothes
CurtainWindow cover

πŸ–οΈ Colors & Shapes

EnglishMeaning
RedColor of fire
BlueColor of sky
GreenColor of grass
YellowColor of sun
BlackDarkest color
WhiteLightest color
CircleRound shape
Square4 equal sides
Triangle3-sided shape
Rectangle4 sides, opposite equal

🌦️ Weather & Seasons

EnglishMeaning
RainWater from sky
SunGives light & heat
SnowFrozen water flakes
WindMoving air
CloudWhite/gray sky form
StormBad weather
SummerHot season
WinterCold season
SpringSeason of growth
AutumnLeaves fall season

🌍 Nature & Environment

EnglishMeaning
TreeTall plant with a trunk
RiverLarge natural stream of water
MountainHigh landform
RainWater falling from clouds
SunStar at the center of the solar system
MoonEarth's natural satellite
WindMoving air
OceanLarge body of salt water
ForestLarge area with many trees
FlowerColorful part of a plant

🍽️ Food & Drink

EnglishMeaning
AppleRed or green fruit
BreadBaked food made from flour
MilkWhite liquid from cows
WaterEssential liquid for life
RiceStaple grain food
ChickenCommon poultry meat
FishAquatic animal used as food
EggOval product from a bird
SoupLiquid food
JuiceDrink from fruits or vegetables

πŸ‘• Clothing

EnglishMeaning
ShirtUpper body garment
PantsLower body garment
ShoesFootwear
HatHeadwear
DressOne-piece clothing
SocksFoot coverings
CoatOuterwear
SkirtLower garment for women
GlovesHand coverings
ScarfNeckwear for warmth

🧍 Actions

EnglishMeaning
RunMove quickly on foot
WalkMove at a normal pace
JumpPush off the ground
SitRest on buttocks
StandBe upright
SleepRest at night
EatConsume food
DrinkConsume liquid
LaughExpress happiness
CryTears from eyes

🧰 Tools & Objects

EnglishMeaning
HammerTool for pounding
NailSharp metal pin
ScrewdriverTool to turn screws
WrenchTool for gripping
KnifeCutting tool
ForkEating utensil
SpoonScooping utensil
BoxContainer
BagPortable container
PenWriting instrument

πŸ“± Technology

EnglishMeaning
PhoneCommunication device
ComputerElectronic computing device
TabletPortable touchscreen device
KeyboardTyping input device
MousePointing device
ScreenDisplay panel
CameraTakes pictures
ChargerPowers electronic device
InternetGlobal network
AppSoftware application

πŸš— Transportation

EnglishMeaning
BusPublic road vehicle
TrainRail transport
PlaneAir vehicle
BoatWater transport
BicycleTwo-wheeled transport
TaxiCar for hire
MotorcycleTwo-wheeled motor vehicle
TruckLarge cargo vehicle
HelicopterFlying vehicle with rotors
SubwayUnderground train

πŸƒ Sports & Fitness

EnglishMeaning
FootballBall game on a field
BasketballBall game with a hoop
TennisRacquet sport
CricketBat-and-ball game
YogaMind-body exercise
GymFitness center
SwimMove through water
LiftRaise weights
RunJog or sprint
StretchExtend muscles

πŸŽ‰ Holidays & Events

EnglishMeaning
BirthdayAnniversary of birth
WeddingMarriage ceremony
ChristmasHoliday on December 25
EasterChristian spring holiday
New YearStart of the year
FestivalCultural celebration
HolidayDay off from work
PartySocial gathering
AnniversaryYearly remembrance
VacationTime away for rest

🏫 School & Learning

EnglishMeaning
TeacherEducator
StudentLearner
BookWritten work
PencilWriting tool
EraserRemoves pencil marks
ClassGroup of students
HomeworkSchoolwork at home
TestAssessment
LessonUnit of instruction
SubjectArea of study

πŸšΆβ€β™‚οΈ Actions

EnglishMeaning
RunMove quickly by foot
WalkMove at a normal pace
JumpPush oneself off the ground
SitRest on the buttocks
StandBe in an upright position
SleepBe in a state of rest
WakeStop sleeping
ClimbGo upward using limbs
SwimMove through water
DriveControl a vehicle

πŸ” Food

EnglishMeaning
BreadBaked food from flour
RiceGrain used as food
MeatAnimal flesh for eating
FishAquatic animal for food
EggOval object laid by birds
MilkWhite liquid from mammals
CheeseDairy product from milk
AppleRed or green fruit
BananaLong yellow fruit
VegetablePlant or part of it used as food

πŸŽ‰ Emotions

EnglishMeaning
HappyFeeling joy
SadFeeling sorrow
AngryFeeling mad
ExcitedEager and enthusiastic
ScaredAfraid
TiredIn need of rest
BoredLacking interest
NervousWorried or uneasy
ProudFeeling self-respect
SurprisedFeeling shocked

πŸ’‘ Adverbs

EnglishMeaning
QuicklyAt a fast speed
SlowlyAt a low speed
LoudlyWith a lot of noise
SoftlyWith little force or volume
OftenFrequently
RarelyNot often
AlwaysAt all times
NeverAt no time
SometimesOccasionally
ClearlyIn a clear manner

πŸ“¦ Objects

EnglishMeaning
PhoneDevice for communication
BookCollection of written pages
PenTool for writing
BagContainer for carrying things
BoxContainer with flat sides
ClockDevice that shows time
LampDevice that produces light
KeyUsed to open locks
BottleContainer for liquids
CupSmall container for drinks

πŸ’Ό Jobs

EnglishMeaning
DoctorMedical professional
TeacherOne who educates
EngineerOne who builds or designs
DriverPerson who drives
FarmerOne who grows food
NurseCaregiver in hospital
ChefCook in a restaurant
PoliceLaw enforcement person
ArtistPerson who creates art
WriterOne who writes

🌦️ Weather

EnglishMeaning
RainWater from clouds
SnowFrozen water falling
SunnyFull of sunlight
CloudyCovered by clouds
WindyWith a lot of wind
StormViolent weather
FogThick cloud near ground
HotHigh temperature
ColdLow temperature
WarmModerately hot

πŸ“ Measurements

EnglishMeaning
MeterUnit of length
KilogramUnit of weight
LiterUnit of volume
InchSmall unit of length
Foot12 inches
MileLong distance unit
GramSmall weight unit
Hour60 minutes
Minute60 seconds
SecondBase time unit

🎯 Descriptions

EnglishMeaning
CleanNot dirty
DirtyNot clean
FastQuick speed
SlowLow speed
SharpHaving a thin edge
DullNot sharp
BrightFull of light
DarkLittle or no light
TallHigh in height
ShortLow in height

πŸ”— Prepositions

EnglishMeaning
InInside something
OnOn top of
UnderBelow something
OverAbove something
BetweenIn the middle of
BehindAt the back of
NearClose to
WithAccompanied by
WithoutLacking something
AtSpecific point or place